Popular science of textile fabrics
1. Warp direction, warp and warp density
Fabric length direction; This direction of yarn is called warp yarn; The number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is warp density (warp density);
2. Weft direction, weft and weft density
Fabric width direction; This directional yarn is called weft yarn, and the number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is weft density (weft density);
3. Density
It is used to represent the number of yarns per unit length of woven fabrics, which is generally the number of yarns within 1 inch or 10 cm. Our national standard stipulates that the number of yarns within 10 cm is used to represent the density, but textile enterprises are still accustomed to using the number of yarns within 1 inch to represent the density. For example, the commonly seen "45X45/108X58" means 45 warp and weft yarns, with the density of 108 and 58.
4. Breadth
The effective width of fabrics is usually expressed in inches or centimeters. The common ones are 36 inches, 44 inches, 56-60 inches, and so on. They are called narrow, medium, and wide respectively. Fabrics higher than 60 inches are very wide, which are often called wide fabrics. Today, the width of ultra-wide fabrics in China can reach 360 centimeters. The width is generally marked after the density. For example, if the fabric mentioned in: 3 is added with the width, it is expressed as: "45X45/108X58/60", that is, the width is 60 inches.
5. Gram weight
The weight of the fabric is generally the weight of the square meter fabric, and the weight of the fabric is knitted fabric. An important technical indicator, the weight of the woolen fabric is also usually regarded as an important technical indicator. The gram weight of denim fabric is generally expressed in "ounces (OZ)", that is, the number of ounces per square yard of fabric weight, such as 7 ounces, 12 ounces of denim, etc;
6. Yarn-dyed fabric
The Japanese term "dyed fabric first" refers to the process of dyeing yarn or filament first, and then weaving with colored yarn. This kind of fabric is called "dyed fabric". The factory that produces dyed fabric is generally called dyeing and weaving factory, such as denim, and most shirt fabrics are dyed fabric.
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What are the characteristics of cotton cloth?
(1) It has good moisture absorption and breathability, and is comfortable to wear; (2) Soft feel, soft luster and simple; (3) Good thermal insulation and excellent wearing performance; (4) Good dyeing property, bright color, complete chromatography, but not good color fastness; (5) Alkali-resistant and acid-resistant. Concentrated alkali treatment can round the fiber section in the fabric, thus improving the luster of the fabric, that is, mercerizing (6) Good light fastness, but long-term exposure will cause fading and strength reduction; (7) Poor elasticity, easy to produce wrinkles and creases are not easy to recover; (8) Pure cotton fabric is easy to mildew and deteriorate, but it is moth-resistant.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of polyester fabric
Advantage: 1. Good elasticity, no deformation. This is also the biggest advantage of polyester fabric. Because the fiber material used in polyester fabric has very good resilience to deformation such as elongation, compression and bending, which can be said to be very close to wool. Moreover, because the rigidity of fiber macromolecular chain is relatively large, its elastic modulus is relatively high, and there will be no deformation. So polyester fabric will not find wrinkles after washing, so it is very suitable for use on curtains.
Difference between twill cloth and plain cloth
1. Different patterns: plain cloth is interwoven up and down, and the front and back are the same; Twill fabric is woven from two or three upper and lower layers. The front side is left or right twill fabric, and the back side is not twill.